To understand the working principle of electromyographic stimulation, let us first look at the natural process of human muscle contraction. For example, when a person performs any voluntary movement, the motor cortex of the brain receives specific signals from other parts of the brain and sends pulses to the necessary motor neurons (nerve cells) of the spinal cord. Motor neurons attach to muscle cells with the help of axons (neurites) and transmit impulses through them, thereby stimulating these cells, thereby causing the muscles to contract.
Through electrical muscle stimulation, the muscles directly receive pulses that have been precisely calibrated in depth, frequency and shape, bypassing the brain and spinal cord. This causes them to contract and transmit information about the actions performed back through the nervous system. Combining electrical stimulation with actual execution (or imitation) exercises can strengthen existing neural connections and create new neural connections, thereby increasing the speed of response (reaction). The same principle is the basis of treatment. For example, after a stroke, when the human brain cannot independently replicate the impulses required for movement, it can learn with the help of artificial stimulation generated by the feedback of contractile muscles.
